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Cognitive therapy or cognitive behavior therapy is a kind of psychotherapy
used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, phobias, and other forms
of mental disorder. It involves recognising distorted thinking and learning
to replace it with more realistic substitute ideas. Its practitioners
hold that much (though not all) clinical depression is associated with
(although not necessarily caused by) irrational thoughts. Cognitive therapy
is often used in conjunction with mood stabilizing medications to treat
bipolar disorder. According to the U.S-based National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral
Therapists:
"There are several approaches to cognitive-behavioral therapy, including
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Rational Behavior Therapy, Rational
Living Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, and Dialectic Behavior Therapy."
Thoughts as the cause of emotions
With thoughts stipulated as being the cause of emotions rather than vice-versa,
cognitive therapists reverse the causal order more generally used by psychotherapists.
The therapy is essentially, therefore, to identify those irrational or
maladaptive thoughts that lead to negative emotion and identify what it
is about them that is irrational or just not helpful; this is done in
an effort to reject the distorted thoughts and replace them with more
realistic alternative thoughts.
Cognitive therapy is not an overnight process. Even after a patient has
learned to recognise when and where his thought processes are going awry,
it can take months of concerted effort to replace an invalid thought with
a more suitable one. With patience and a good therapist, however, cognitive
therapy can be a valuable tool in recovery.
Cognitive behavioral therapy
While similar views of emotion have existed for millennia, cognitive therapy
was developed in its present form by Albert Ellis and Aaron T. Beck in
the 1950s and 1960s. It rapidly became a favorite intervention to study
in psychotherapy research in academic settings. In initial studies it
was often contrasted with behavioral treatments to see which was most
effective. However, in recent years, cognitive and behavioral techniques
have often been combined into cognitive behavioral treatment. This is
arguably the primary type of psychological treatment being studied in
research today.
A sub-field of cognitive behavior therapy used to treat Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder makes use of classical conditioning through extinction and habituation.
Such a procedure has been used successfully by Dr. Steven Phillipson to
treat OCD. CBT has also been successfully applied to the treatment of
Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder.
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